OFFER: Buy 2 Get 1 Free on All Clothes, Code B2G1 Ends 22/11 11:59pm SGT

*Apply code B2G1 at checkout to enjoy discount.*The discount is only applicable to clothes. Code expires at 22/11/24 11:59pm SGT. Offer can only be combined with Thryft Club discounts and cannot be combined with any other offers or discounts. Offer is subject to change without notice. Other restrictions may apply.

Get 10% off all year round! Join Thryft Club
Get 10% off all year round and $10 off your next order! Join Thryft Club
Buy 3 Get Another Free On All Under S$10

Politics Books

Examine the complexities of democracy, policy, and international relations here in our Politics section at Thryft. Whether you’re interested in political theory, governance, or recent political events, we’ve got the titles to quench your curiosity. Engage with works by political scientists, renowned authors, and essential essays that shape today’s political discourse.

34 Results

Switch between grid and list views for a better book browsing experience!

34 Results

No results

The Rise and Fall of Nations: Forces of Change in the Post-Crisis World

from RM62.99 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

You might find "The Rise and Fall of Nations" by Ruchir Sharma particularly enlightening if you're interested in how political and economic climates interlace with global events. Sharma provides a front-row seat to understanding economic nuances by simplifying complex concepts into ten accessible rules. His blend of personal encounters and analytical acumen makes it a thought-provoking read for anyone looking to grasp the intricacies of national fortunes in a post-crisis world.
The Verdict: Decoding India's Elections - Thryft
Prannoy Roy, Dorab R. Sopariwala  | Penguin Random House India

The Verdict: Decoding India's Elections

Regular price RM64.93 MYR from RM44.36 MYR Save up to 33%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.84

Regular price RM64.93 MYR from RM44.36 MYR Save up to 33%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're intrigued by the nuances of Indian politics and want to understand the intricacies behind the world's largest democracy, "The Verdict" is a compelling read for you. The authors Prannoy Roy and Dorab R Sopariwala are veterans in the field, providing an authoritative dive into the strategies, trends, and outcomes of India's elections. Their expertise makes it a must-read for anyone interested in political science and electoral behaviors.
The Siege: 68 Hours Inside the Taj Hotel
New

from RM33.17 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

Imagine being caught in a place where luxury turns into a warzone overnight. "The Siege" gives you a heart-stopping account of the bravery and resilience shown by the hotel staff and guests at Mumbai's Taj Hotel during the 2008 terrorist attacks. It's more than just a retelling; it's an immersion into the human spirit's strength in the darkest hours. If you're drawn to real-life thrillers and heroism against all odds, this book might just be your next gripping read.
The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves and Why It Matters

from RM44.36 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Like New

If you're someone who's puzzled by North Korea's enigmatic presence on the world stage, "The Cleanest Race" by B.R. Myers offers a thought-provoking lens through which to understand the nation. Rather than focusing on nuclear ambitions, this book delves into the deeper layers of North Korean ideology, uncovering the potent mix of paranoia and racial pride that shapes its politics and societal views. It's a fascinating, if somewhat unsettling, exploration of how North Koreans perceive themselves and their place in the global landscape.
Evening Chats in Beijing: Probing China's Predicament - Thryft
E. Perry Link | W. W. Norton & Company

Evening Chats in Beijing: Probing China's Predicament

Regular price RM51.81 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 50%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.0

Regular price RM51.81 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 50%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

As someone interested in the depth of China's contemporary challenges and cultural pressures, "Evening Chats in Beijing" by E. Perry Link is a true intellectual dive. You'll be privy to the inner dialogues of China's most thoughtful minds as they grapple with their country's destiny. This book offers a rare, intimate glimpse into the concerns that culminated in the tumultuous events of Tiananmen in 1989, making it an enlightening read for those who seek to understand the complexities of China beyond the headlines.
Plausible Denial: Was the CIA Involved in the Assassination of JFK? - Thryft
Mark Lane | Skyhorse

Plausible Denial: Was the CIA Involved in the Assassination of JFK?

Regular price RM35.04 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.92

Regular price RM35.04 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If the murky waters of historical intrigue draw you in, "Plausible Denial" could be a riveting read for you. Mark Lane's meticulous documentation and persuasive prose lay out a compelling argument that invites skepticism towards the official narrative of JFK's assassination. As you follow Lane's exploration of clandestine operations and courtroom drama, expect to be both challenged and enthralled by the possibilities of what may have happened that day in Dallas.
The Human Venture. Vol. 2 Global History Since 1500 - Thryft
Anthony Esler PROFESSOR EMERITUS | Pearson

The Human Venture. Vol. 2 Global History Since 1500

Regular price RM36.90 MYR from RM29.45 MYR Save up to 28%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.0

Regular price RM36.90 MYR from RM29.45 MYR Save up to 28%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If history's grand tapestry fascinates you, 'The Human Venture' offers a panoramic view. Anthony Esler weaves global events and evolving ideas into a story that's as educational as it is engaging. It's a vibrant chronicle, perfect for anyone who wants to understand the forces that have shaped our world since 1500.
One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War - Thryft
Michael Dobbs | Vintage

One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War

Regular price RM40.49 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.24

Regular price RM40.49 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're fascinated by the Cold War, "One Minute to Midnight" offers an absorbing, detailed account of the Cuban Missile Crisis, a pivotal moment in history. Michael Dobbs takes you into the nerve-wracking tension with a narrative that's as gripping as it is meticulously researched. Reading it is like experiencing a masterclass in international diplomacy and military brinkmanship.
The Marcos Dynasty - Thryft
Sterling Seagrave | Harpercollins

The Marcos Dynasty

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 37%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.93

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 37%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

"The Marcos Dynasty" is an extraordinary window into the complex world of political power plays, where personal ambition and state governance merge uncomfortably. If you're intrigued by real stories of corruption, entwined with global politics and clandestine affairs, this investigative account of the Marcos era will captivate you with its detailed exploration of how personal, criminal, and political dimensions can intertwine at the highest levels of power.
Everything Is Broken					Life Inside Burma - Thryft
Emma Larkin | Granta Books

Everything Is Broken Life Inside Burma

Regular price RM29.45 MYR from RM18.26 MYR Save up to 45%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.78

Regular price RM29.45 MYR from RM18.26 MYR Save up to 45%

Unit price
per

In stock: Like New

"Everything Is Broken" is a poignant exploration that delves deep into Burma's soul in a time of catastrophe and repression. Emma Larkin's journalistic prowess brings to light the human stories amidst the political turbulence. If you're looking to understand the resilience and suffering under authoritarian shadows, this book offers an unflinchingly honest perspective.
The Normans in the South, 1016-1130 Volume I The Normans in Sicily - Thryft
John Julius Norwich | Faber & Faber

The Normans in the South, 1016-1130 Volume I The Normans in Sicily

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 34%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.35

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 34%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're fascinated by transformative historical events and larger-than-life characters, "The Normans in the South" could be an enthralling read for you. John Julius Norwich paints a vivid picture of the House of Hauteville's rise to power, vividly bringing to life the political and military prowess of Robert Guiscard and his kin. This book transports you to a bygone era, offering an in-depth look at the creation of a kingdom that has left an indelible mark on history and architecture.
80 Days That Changed the World
Time Inc. | Time

80 Days That Changed the World

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM33.17 MYR Save up to 31%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.74

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM33.17 MYR Save up to 31%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

Imagine reliving pivotal moments that crafted our modern era. "80 Days That Changed the World" is a captivating time travel through crucial milestones. It's like a mosaic of history, each tile a day that altered our collective course. Perfect for history enthusiasts and trivia buffs alike, this book will widen your perspective on how a single day can echo through time.
The Bootleggers: The Story of Chicago's Prohibition Era - Thryft
Kenneth Allsop | True Crime Library

The Bootleggers: The Story of Chicago's Prohibition Era

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.45

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

Delving into "The Bootleggers" gives you a front-row seat to the city's tumultuous era when illicit booze fueled both crime and commerce. If you're intrigued by the jazz age, the lore of gangsters like Al Capone, and the complex socio-political landscape of 1920s America, then this time capsule is the perfect pick for a nuanced historical understanding.
Historical Dictionary Of Laos - Thryft

Historical Dictionary Of Laos

Regular price RM36.90 MYR from RM18.26 MYR Save up to 55%

Unit price
per

Regular price RM36.90 MYR from RM18.26 MYR Save up to 55%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're intrigued by Southeast Asian dynamics and the undercurrents shaping nations like Laos, this dictionary offers more than dry facts. It's a chronicle breathing life into Laos' past glory and its potential future significance, with an abundance of references that will satisfy your curiosity and make you appreciate Laos' role in regional geopolitics. Perfect for anyone keen on deepening their understanding of how history and geography forge a country's destiny.
Fiery Dragons: Banks, Moneylenders and Microfinance in Burma
New
Sean Turnell | Nias Press

Fiery Dragons: Banks, Moneylenders and Microfinance in Burma

from RM122.63 MYR

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.5

from RM122.63 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're intrigued by how economics intertwines with history, "Fiery Dragons" is a compelling read. It doesn't just chronicle Burma's financial changes; it serves as a deep dive into the country's transformation from wealth to poverty. Sean Turnell has expertly linked monetary developments with historical events, bringing to light how crucial financial systems are, especially in a context as complex as Burma's. It's a read that'll offer you new perspectives on the importance of financial institutions and their impact on a country's fate.
Reflections on ASEAN - Thryft
Mahathir Mohamad, مهاتير محمد  | Pelanduk Pubns Sdn Bhd

Reflections on ASEAN

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 37%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.3

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 37%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If Southeast Asia intrigues you, "Reflections on ASEAN" offers Mahathir Mohamad’s unique perspective, drawn from his extensive political career. It’ll speak to you if you're interested in foreign policy, economic resilience, and regional cooperation. The compilation provides a poignant look at collective challenges and the impassioned plea for unity from one of the region's most notable statesmen.
Sex, Death, and God in L.A - Thryft
David Reid | University Of California Press

Sex, Death, and God in L.A

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM14.54 MYR Save up to 56%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.27

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM14.54 MYR Save up to 56%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're enamored with the multifaceted nature of Los Angeles, "Sex, Death, and God in L.A." offers a tapestry of perspectives that feel both intimate and comprehensive. They dive beyond the glamorous veil showcasing how various communities, from Latino to Asian to Hollywood elite, shape the pulsing heart of the city. It's like eavesdropping on an enlightened conversation about a place both mythical and decidedly real.
MI6 British Secret Intelligence Service Operations, 1909-45 - Thryft
Nigel West | Random House Inc

MI6 British Secret Intelligence Service Operations, 1909-45

Regular price RM45.92 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 50%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.63

Regular price RM45.92 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 50%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're intrigued by the silent maneuvers of history's clandestine operations, "MI6" is a treasure trove. It's a captivating dive into the shadowy world of intelligence, revealing operations that have shaped world events profoundly. Perfect for those interested in espionage, history, or tales of wartime strategy.
Dr. Benjamin Church, Spy: A Case of Espionage on the Eve of the American Revolution - Thryft
John A. Nagy | Westholme Publishing

Dr. Benjamin Church, Spy: A Case of Espionage on the Eve of the American Revolution

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM29.45 MYR Save up to 34%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.47

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM29.45 MYR Save up to 34%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're drawn to the shadowy corners of American history, the tale of Dr. Benjamin Church might just captivate you. John A. Nagy's meticulous research brings to light the murky allegiances and espionage at the dawn of the American Revolution. It's a deep dive into the life of a man who might be the new most notorious traitor in your history lexicon, perfect for anyone who loves unraveling the complex, hidden layers of the past.
1688: The First Modern Revolution
Steven C.A. Pincus | Yale University Press

1688: The First Modern Revolution

from RM55.54 MYR

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.82

from RM55.54 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're intrigued by the nuances of historical revolutions and their lasting impacts, "1688: The First Modern Revolution" is a compelling read. It explores a pivotal moment in history that arguably shaped modern democratic thought and statecraft, making it an essential book for anyone interested in political history and the evolution of societal structures. This isn't just a recount of events; it's a deep dive into the ideas and movements that have influenced our contemporary world.
Gandhi - Thryft
David Arnold | Routledge

Gandhi

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.82

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

Embarking on this read, you'll find yourself immersed in a rich historical tapestry woven around Gandhi's life, pivotal in leading India to independence. It's not just a biography but a lens into how his philosophy impacted British political scene and triggered the unravelling of an empire. This isn't just a book; it's a journey through a transformative era in world history.
The Georgetown Set: Friends and Rivals in Cold War Washington - Thryft
Gregg Herken | Knopf

The Georgetown Set: Friends and Rivals in Cold War Washington

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.76

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

"The Georgetown Set" offers an immersive dive into the nexus of media, politics, and espionage during one of America's most turbulent periods. By looking into the lives of the influential Grahams, the sharp-witted Alsops, and the enigmatic Wisner, you'll get a taste of the high-stakes games that shaped modern history. It's a compelling read if you're fascinated by the interplay of media power and government policy during the Cold War.
Stealing the Atom Bomb: How Denial and Deception Armed Israel - Thryft
Roger J. Mattson | Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Stealing the Atom Bomb: How Denial and Deception Armed Israel

Regular price RM35.04 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.41

Regular price RM35.04 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

In stock: Like New

If the cloak-and-dagger world of espionage fascinates you, "Stealing the Atom Bomb" might just be your next engrossing read. The author, Roger J. Mattson, uses a wealth of declassified documents and firsthand experience to uncover a nuclear mystery wrapped in secrecy. With a meticulous investigation into a historical puzzle, this book could be a winner for those intrigued by real-world spy stories and international intrigue.
The Color of Truth: McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy, Brothers in Arms - Thryft
Kai Bird | Simon & Schuster, Inc.

The Color of Truth: McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy, Brothers in Arms

Regular price RM45.92 MYR from RM33.17 MYR Save up to 35%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.3

Regular price RM45.92 MYR from RM33.17 MYR Save up to 35%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're intrigued by the intricacies of political decision-making during pivotal moments in history, "The Color of Truth" is a compelling dive. It offers a rare glimpse into the lives of the Bundy brothers, whose whisperings significantly steered American policy through the Cold War and Vietnam. Reading this, you'd appreciate the complex blend of intellect, power, and morality shaping their—and, effectively, America's—legacy.
Impossible Dream					The Marcoses, the Aquinos, and the Unfinished Revolution - Thryft
Sandra Burton | Grand Central Pub

Impossible Dream The Marcoses, the Aquinos, and the Unfinished Revolution

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 37%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.11

Regular price RM33.17 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 37%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you have a keen interest in the political tapestry that shapes a nation, this book takes you right into the heart of the Philippines' most tumultuous times. Sandra Burton not only gives you an eyewitness account but also delves into the complex and destructive relationship between two powerful families. It's a compelling read for anyone fascinated by history coming alive through intense personal and political dramas.
China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power - Thryft
Nicholas D. Kristof, Sheryl WuDunn  | Times Books/random House

China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 47%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.98

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM25.72 MYR Save up to 47%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you’re intrigued by the evolution of global powers, “China Wakes” offers a deep dive into the complexities of China's ascension. The reporters take you through the multifaceted societal changes with a level of detail that's personal yet panoramic. It's as eye-opening as it is enlightening, providing a snapshot of a pivotal time in China’s history. This book may change the way you see China and its place in the world.
Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland's Frontier Killing Times

from RM33.17 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Like New

This book could resonate with you if you're into Australian history or seeking to understand the true and often unspoken costs of colonial expansion. Timothy Bottoms doesn't shy away from the gritty, uncomfortable truths that led to the formation of modern Queensland, taking a deep dive into an era that's frequently glossed over. If you appreciate thorough research paired with a pursuit for justice and historical accuracy, "Conspiracy of Silence" could offer you a stark yet necessary perspective.
For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush - Thryft
Christopher Andrew | Harper Collins

For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.93

Regular price RM32.36 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 36%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're intrigued by the interplay between U.S. Presidents and top-secret intelligence, this book is a treasure trove. It's like stepping into a classified world, uncovering how critical decisions were shaped by secret information. It's especially compelling for anyone fascinated by political history or the shadowy dynamics of power.
A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence - Thryft

Regular price RM40.63 MYR from RM29.45 MYR Save up to 34%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're into the textures of history, "A People Numerous and Armed" digs deeper than the common narrative of American independence. This read does more than recount battles; it connects the dots between the war's impact on society, politics, and ideas. John Shy ensures you won't just see the American Revolution—you'll understand the fabric of the nation it wove.
The Tiger and the Trojan Horse
Dennis Bloodworth | Times Editions

The Tiger and the Trojan Horse

from RM44.36 MYR

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.64

from RM44.36 MYR

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're keen on understanding the pivotal moments that shaped modern Singapore, "The Tiger and the Trojan Horse" is a potent narrative that doesn't just recount facts but brings the drama of political strategy and survival to life. Dennis Bloodworth's first-hand experience adds an authenticity to the high-stakes game between nationalists and communists that reads more like a spy novel than a history book. It's a thrilling look at how Singapore’s founding fathers navigated through treacherous political waters to secure their nation's future.
Last Word - Thryft
Robert K. Tanenbaum, Mark Lane, Oliver Stone  | Skyhorse

Last Word

Regular price RM35.04 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 4.02

Regular price RM35.04 MYR from RM21.99 MYR Save up to 41%

Unit price
per

In stock: Very Good

If you're intrigued by alternative historical narratives and unafraid of diving into complex conspiracy theories, "Last Word" could be a riveting choice. Mark Lane guides you through a courtroom drama that touches the very foundations of American history, offering perspectives often left out of mainstream discussions. The book's exploration of the CIA's intricate involvement in the Kennedy assassination is bound to keep you turning pages.
The Atomic Bazaar: Dispatches from the Underground World of Nuclear Trafficking - Thryft
William Langewiesche | Penguin Books Ltd

The Atomic Bazaar: Dispatches from the Underground World of Nuclear Trafficking

Regular price RM25.72 MYR from RM14.54 MYR Save up to 56%

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.62

Regular price RM25.72 MYR from RM14.54 MYR Save up to 56%

Unit price
per

In stock: Well Read

If you're curious about the shadowy aspects of global security, "The Atomic Bazaar" will take you on a harrowing journey into the clandestine trade of nuclear materials. William Langewiesche meticulously uncovers a world that most of us never think about, yet has chilling implications for international safety and peace. It's a real eye-opener that reads like a thriller, but with the gravitas of true investigative journalism.
About Time : A History of Civilization in Twelve Clocks - Thryft
Sold out
David Rooney | Penguin

About Time : A History of Civilization in Twelve Clocks

from RM17.52 MYR

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 3.6

from RM17.52 MYR

Unit price
per

Out of stock

The measurement of time has always been essential to human civilization, from early Roman sundials to the advent of GPS. But while we have one eye on the time every day, are we aware of the power clocks have given governments, military leaders and business owners, and how they have shaped our lives and our world?In this spectacularly far-reaching book, David Rooney narrates a history of timekeeping and civilization in twelve concise chapters. Over their course, we meet the most epochal inventions in horological history, from medieval water clocks to Renaissance hourglasses, and from stock-exchange timestamps to satellites in Earth's orbit. We discover how clocks have helped people navigate the globe and build empires, but also, on occasion, taken us to the brink of destruction.This is the story of time, and the story of time is the story of us.
JOURNEYS: TAMILS IN SINGAPORE - Thryft
Sold out
Murugaian Nirmala | Straits Times Press

JOURNEYS: TAMILS IN SINGAPORE

from RM23.62 MYR

Unit price
per

Goodreads rating: 0.0

from RM23.62 MYR

Unit price
per

Out of stock

This book is a must-read for anyone interested in delving deep into the rich history and heritage of the Tamil community in Singapore. With a perfect blend of historical accounts, personal anecdotes, and captivating descriptions, JOURNEYS: TAMILES IN SINGAPORE takes you on an immersive journey through the arrival, growth, and social and political contributions of the Tamils in Singapore. The inclusion of rare photographs adds a visual delight to the narrative, making it a truly enriching and enlightening read.

Navigate the World of Politics

Our Politics section at Thryft features titles on global and regional politics, commentaries, and detailed analyses of current affairs. Whether you’re looking into political theory or getting up to date with recent global events, our collection is here to enlighten and provoke thought.