{"product_id":"from-tao-guang-yang-hui-to-xin-xing-chinas-complex-foreign-policy-transformation-and-southeast-asia","title":"From Tao Guang Yang Hui to Xin Xing: China's Complex Foreign Policy Transformation and Southeast Asia","description":"This article traces China's foreign policy transformation from 2013 to the present and examines implications for Southeast Asia. It also examines Deng Xiaoping's doctrinal response to the political crises of 1989–1991 and compares it to current Chinese foreign policy doctrines. From the early 1980s until the 2010s, China's foreign policy generally prioritized keeping a low profile. Deng's Tao Guang Yang Hui doctrine and Xi Jinping's Xin Xing doctrine are contrasted. The move from Tao Guang Yang Hui to Xin Xing marks a major doctrinal shift in China's foreign policy. Since the 19th Party Congress in 2017, Xi's new narratives have seemed to dominate Chinese foreign policy. However, old principles—particularly non-interference or no hegemony—remain alive, albeit in a different form. This transformation is driven by three forces, described here as the 3 As: China's ambition to be a great power and a non-hegemon in a changing world; its provision of alternatives to fill gaps in regional and global governance structures; and its adaptation to what it deems unprecedented major changes in a century (Da Bian Ju). As China undergoes this transformation, contradictions and dilemmas inevitably arise. While China's foreign policy transformation is currently being disrupted by the crisis, there have been adjustments that were already apparent before the crisis. The Belt and Road Initiative, for instance, has replaced the earlier One Belt One Road branding; constructive intervention has given way to a more constructive role; and 'common destiny' has been replaced by 'a shared future.' Looking ahead, China's foreign policy transformation could include more strategic—or at least tactical—adjustments.","brand":"Thryft Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Like New","offer_id":52944418341145,"sku":"X67586","price":53.0,"currency_code":"MYR","in_stock":true},{"title":"Very Good","offer_id":52944418373913,"sku":"X67586","price":45.0,"currency_code":"MYR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Good","offer_id":52944418406681,"sku":"X67586","price":41.0,"currency_code":"MYR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Well Read","offer_id":52944418439449,"sku":"X67586","price":38.0,"currency_code":"MYR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0110\/0598\/4849\/files\/108739604_e87649d1-24ca-43a4-ae0e-79188b1dba60.jpg?v=1785940537","url":"https:\/\/thryft.my\/products\/from-tao-guang-yang-hui-to-xin-xing-chinas-complex-foreign-policy-transformation-and-southeast-asia","provider":"Thryft","version":"1.0","type":"link"}